Vapor compression refrigation system

The vapor compression refrigeration cycle is the backbone of most modern refrigeration and air conditioning systems. It works by circulating a refrigerant through four main components: compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator.

First, the compressor compresses the low-pressure vapor refrigerant, increasing its temperature and pressure. Next, the hot, high-pressure vapor flows into the condenser, where it releases heat to the surroundings and condenses into a high-pressure liquid.

The high-pressure liquid then moves through the expansion valve, which rapidly reduces its pressure, causing it to partially vaporize and drop in temperature. This low-pressure, low-temperature mixture enters the evaporator, where it absorbs heat from its surroundings (such as the air inside a refrigerator or a room) and evaporates into a low-pressure vapor.

Finally, the low-pressure vapor returns to the compressor to start the cycle again. This continuous process allows the system to maintain cool temperatures inside while expelling heat outside, creating the cooling effect we rely on for refrigeration and air conditioning.